python difflib so sánh các tập tin

Question

Tôi đang cố gắng sử dụng difflib để tạo ra sự khác biệt cho hai tệp văn bản chứa tweet. Đây là mã:

#!/usr/bin/env python 

# difflib_test 

import difflib 

file1 = open('/home/saad/Code/test/new_tweets', 'r') 
file2 = open('/home/saad/PTITVProgs', 'r') 

diff = difflib.context_diff(file1.readlines(), file2.readlines()) 
delta = ''.join(diff) 
print delta 

đây là file PTITVProgs văn bản:

Watch PTI on April 6th (7) Dr Israr Shah at 10PM on Business Plus in "Talking Policy". Rgds #PTI 
CORRECTION!! Watch PTI on April 6th (5) @Asad_Umar at 8PM on ARY News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (5) @Asad_Umar at 8PM on AAJ News (6) PTI vs PMLN at 8PM on NewsOne. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (5) Asad Umar at 8PM on AAJ News (6) PTI vs PMLN at 8PM on NewsOne. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (5) Waleed Iqbal at 8PM on Channel 5. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (3) Dr Israr Shah at 10PM on PTV News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (4) Javed hashmi at 1PM on PTV News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (3) Imran Alvi at 1PM on AAJ News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (1) Dr @ArifAlvi, Andleeb Abbas and Ehtisham Ameer at 11PM on ARY News (2) Hamid Khan at 10PM on ATV. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 5th (1) Farooq Amjad Meer at 10:45PM on Dunya News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 4th (4) Faisal Khan at 8PM on PTV News. Rgds #PTI 
@FaisalJavedKhan 
Watch PTI on April 4th (3) Faisal Khan at 11PM on ATV. Rgds #PTI 
@FaisalJavedKhan 
Watch PTI on April 4th (1) Dr Israr Shah at 8PM on Waqt News (2) Dr Arif Alvi at 9PM on PTV World. Rgds #PTI 
@ArifAlvi 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (12) Abrar ul Haq on 10PM on Dawn News (13) Shabbir Sial at 10PM on Channel5. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (11) Sadaqat Abbasi on 8PM on RohiTV. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (10) Dr Zarqa and Andleeb Abbas on 8PM on Waqt News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (9) Fauzia Kasuri at 8PM on Din News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (8) Mehmood Rasheed at 8PM on ARY News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (7) Israr Abbasi (Repeat on Arp 4th) at 1:20AM and 1PM on Vibe TV. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (5) Rao Fahad at 9PM on Express News (6) Dr Seems Zia at 10:30PM on Health TV. Rgds #PTI 

đây là file new_tweets văn bản:

Watch PTI on April 7th (3) Malaika Reza at 8PM on AAJ News (4) Shah Mehmood Qureshi at 8PM on Geo News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 7th (2) Chairman IMRAN KHAN at 10PM on PTV News in News Night with Sadia Afzal, Rpt: 2AM, 2PM. Rgds #PTI 
@ImranKhanPTI 
Watch PTI on April 7th (1) Dr Waseem Shahzad NOW at 6PM on PTV News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (7) Dr Israr Shah at 10PM on Business Plus in "Talking Policy". Rgds #PTI 
CORRECTION!! Watch PTI on April 6th (5) @Asad_Umar at 8PM on ARY News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (5) @Asad_Umar at 8PM on AAJ News (6) PTI vs PMLN at 8PM on NewsOne. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (5) Asad Umar at 8PM on AAJ News (6) PTI vs PMLN at 8PM on NewsOne. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (5) Waleed Iqbal at 8PM on Channel 5. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (3) Dr Israr Shah at 10PM on PTV News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (4) Javed hashmi at 1PM on PTV News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (3) Imran Alvi at 1PM on AAJ News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 6th (1) Dr @ArifAlvi, Andleeb Abbas and Ehtisham Ameer at 11PM on ARY News (2) Hamid Khan at 10PM on ATV. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 5th (1) Farooq Amjad Meer at 10:45PM on Dunya News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 4th (4) Faisal Khan at 8PM on PTV News. Rgds #PTI 
@FaisalJavedKhan 
Watch PTI on April 4th (3) Faisal Khan at 11PM on ATV. Rgds #PTI 
@FaisalJavedKhan 
Watch PTI on April 4th (1) Dr Israr Shah at 8PM on Waqt News (2) Dr Arif Alvi at 9PM on PTV World. Rgds #PTI 
@ArifAlvi 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (12) Abrar ul Haq on 10PM on Dawn News (13) Shabbir Sial at 10PM on Channel5. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (11) Sadaqat Abbasi on 8PM on RohiTV. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (10) Dr Zarqa and Andleeb Abbas on 8PM on Waqt News. Rgds #PTI 
Watch PTI on April 3rd (9) Fauzia Kasuri at 8PM on Din News. Rgds #PTI 

đây là diff tôi nhận được từ chương trình:

*** 
--- 
*************** 
*** 1,7 **** 
- Watch PTI on April 7th (3) Malaika Reza at 8PM on AAJ News (4) Shah Mehmood Qureshi at 8PM on Geo News. Rgds #PTI 
- Watch PTI on April 7th (2) Chairman IMRAN KHAN at 10PM on PTV News in News Night with Sadia Afzal, Rpt: 2AM, 2PM. Rgds #PTI 
- @ImranKhanPTI 
- Watch PTI on April 7th (1) Dr Waseem Shahzad NOW at 6PM on PTV News. Rgds #PTI 
    Watch PTI on April 6th (7) Dr Israr Shah at 10PM on Business Plus in "Talking Policy". Rgds #PTI 
    CORRECTION!! Watch PTI on April 6th (5) @Asad_Umar at 8PM on ARY News. Rgds #PTI 
    Watch PTI on April 6th (5) @Asad_Umar at 8PM on AAJ News (6) PTI vs PMLN at 8PM on NewsOne. Rgds #PTI 
--- 1,3 ---- 
*************** 
*** 21,24 **** 
    Watch PTI on April 3rd (12) Abrar ul Haq on 10PM on Dawn News (13) Shabbir Sial at 10PM on Channel5. Rgds #PTI 
    Watch PTI on April 3rd (11) Sadaqat Abbasi on 8PM on RohiTV. Rgds #PTI 
    Watch PTI on April 3rd (10) Dr Zarqa and Andleeb Abbas on 8PM on Waqt News. Rgds #PTI 
! Watch PTI on April 3rd (9) Fauzia Kasuri at 8PM on Din News. Rgds #PTI--- 17,23 ---- 
    Watch PTI on April 3rd (12) Abrar ul Haq on 10PM on Dawn News (13) Shabbir Sial at 10PM on Channel5. Rgds #PTI 
    Watch PTI on April 3rd (11) Sadaqat Abbasi on 8PM on RohiTV. Rgds #PTI 
    Watch PTI on April 3rd (10) Dr Zarqa and Andleeb Abbas on 8PM on Waqt News. Rgds #PTI 
! Watch PTI on April 3rd (9) Fauzia Kasuri at 8PM on Din News. Rgds #PTI 
! Watch PTI on April 3rd (8) Mehmood Rasheed at 8PM on ARY News. Rgds #PTI 
! Watch PTI on April 3rd (7) Israr Abbasi (Repeat on Arp 4th) at 1:20AM and 1PM on Vibe TV. Rgds #PTI 
! Watch PTI on April 3rd (5) Rao Fahad at 9PM on Express News (6) Dr Seems Zia at 10:30PM on Health TV. Rgds #PTI 

Như bạn có thể thấy bằng cách so sánh nhanh hai tệp nguồn (PTITVProgs và new_tweets) rằng sự khác biệt giữa chúng là 3 tweet được đặt vào ngày 7 tháng 4 và 3 tweet vào ngày 3 tháng 4.

Tôi chỉ muốn các dòng trong new_tweets không nằm trong số PTITVProgs để xuất hiện trong khác biệt.

Nhưng nó ném một loạt văn bản mà tôi không muốn thấy. Tôi không biết *** 1,7*** và *** 1,3*** ở vị trí đầu ra khác cho ...? Cách thích hợp để chỉ nhận được chỉ các dòng đã thay đổi?

Answer 1

Chỉ cần phân tích đầu ra của diff như thế này (thay đổi '-' để '+' nếu cần):

#!/usr/bin/env python 

# difflib_test 

import difflib 

file1 = open('/home/saad/Code/test/new_tweets', 'r') 
file2 = open('/home/saad/PTITVProgs', 'r') 

diff = difflib.ndiff(file1.readlines(), file2.readlines()) 
delta = ''.join(x[2:] for x in diff if x.startswith('- ')) 
print delta 

Answer 2

Có nhiều kiểu khác biệt và các chức năng khác nhau tồn tại cho chúng trong thư viện difflib. unified_diff, ndiff và context_diff.

Nếu bạn không muốn tóm tắt số dòng, ndiff chức năng cung cấp cho một vùng đồng bằng phong cách Khác nhau-:

import difflib 

f1 = '''1 
2 
3 
4 
5''' 
f2 = '''1 
3 
4 
5 
6''' 

diff = difflib.ndiff(f1,f2) 

for l in diff: 
    print(l) 

Output:

1 
- 2   
    3   
    4   
    5 
+ 6 

EDIT:

Bạn có thể cũng phân tích cú pháp khác để chỉ trích xuất các thay đổi nếu đó là những gì bạn muốn:

>>>changes = [l for l in diff if l.startswith('+ ') or l.startswith('- ')] 

>>>for c in changes: 
     print(c) 
>>> 
- 2 
+ 6