java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError khi bao gồm espresso-contrib: 2,0

Question

Tôi có một lớp con của android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView. Nó hoạt động tốt khi tôi sử dụng ứng dụng và thử nghiệm.

Tuy nhiên, khi tôi bao gồm espresso-contrib trong tập tin ứng dụng gradle của tôi, tôi nhận được một ngoại lệ khi tôi cố gắng để chạy các bài kiểm tra tương tự. Ứng dụng vẫn hoạt động. Cùng một vấn đề xảy ra trong cả hai phiên bản sdk 21 và 22, trên giả lập armv và thiết bị. Sử dụng một trình mô phỏng x86 nó thay thế.

Gradle

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.0' 

Exception

java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: xxx.DashboardActivity$1 
at dalvik.system.DexFile.defineClassNative(Native Method) 
at dalvik.system.DexFile.defineClass(DexFile.java:226) 
at dalvik.system.DexFile.loadClassBinaryName(DexFile.java:219) 
at dalvik.system.DexPathList.findClass(DexPathList.java:321) 
at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:54) 
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:511) 
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:469) 
at xxx.DashboardActivity.onCreate(DashboardActivity.java:54) 
at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5990) 
at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1106) 
at android.support.test.runner.MonitoringInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(MonitoringInstrumentation.java:346) 
at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2278) 
at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2390) 
at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:151) 
at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1303) 
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) 
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135) 
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5257) 
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372) 
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:903) 
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:698) 

logcat adb

I/ActivityManager(1229): START u0 {act=android.intent.action.MAIN flg=0x14000000 cmp=xxx/.activities.DashboardActivity} from uid 10059 on display 0 
V/WindowManager(1229): addAppToken: AppWindowToken{65964e3 token=Token{3f63d512 ActivityRecord{19743c9d u0 xxx/.activities.DashboardActivity t13}}} to stack=1 task=13 at 0 
D/LifecycleMonitor(2953): Lifecycle status change: xxx.activities.DashboardActivity@281384ef in: PRE_ON_CREATE 
V/WindowManager(1229): Adding window Window{2d974c1a u0 Starting xxx} at 2 of 7 (after Window{27a98488 u0 com.android.launcher/com.android.launcher2.Launcher}) 
W/RecyclerView(2953): setScrollingTouchSlop(): bad argument constant 315513600; using default value 
W/art  (2953): Incompatible structural change detected: Structural change of android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView$Adapter is hazardous (/data/dalvik-cache/x86/data@app@xxx-1@b 
ase.apk@classes.dex at compile time, /data/dalvik-cache/x86/data@app@xxx.test-1@base.apk@classes.dex at runtime): Virtual method count off: 26 vs 25 
W/art  (2953): Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$Adapter; (Compile time): 
W/art  (2953): Static fields: 
W/art  (2953): Instance fields: 
W/art  (2953): Z mHasStableIds 
W/art  (2953): Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$AdapterDataObservable; mObservable 
W/art  (2953): Direct methods: 
W/art  (2953): <init>()V 
W/art  (2953): Virtual methods: 
W/art  (2953): bindViewHolder(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;I)V 
W/art  (2953): createViewHolder(Landroid/view/ViewGroup;I)Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder; 
W/art  (2953): getItemCount()I 
W/art  (2953): getItemId(I)J 
W/art  (2953): getItemViewType(I)I 
W/art  (2953): hasObservers()Z 
W/art  (2953): hasStableIds()Z 
W/art  (2953): notifyDataSetChanged()V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemChanged(I)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemInserted(I)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemMoved(II)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemRangeChanged(II)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemRangeInserted(II)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemRangeRemoved(II)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemRemoved(I)V 
W/art  (2953): onAttachedToRecyclerView(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView;)V 
W/art  (2953): onBindViewHolder(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;I)V 
W/art  (2953): onCreateViewHolder(Landroid/view/ViewGroup;I)Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder; 
W/art  (2953): onDetachedFromRecyclerView(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView;)V 
W/art  (2953): onFailedToRecycleView(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;)Z 
W/art  (2953): onViewAttachedToWindow(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;)V 
W/art  (2953): onViewDetachedFromWindow(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;)V 
W/art  (2953): onViewRecycled(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;)V 
W/art  (2953): registerAdapterDataObserver(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$AdapterDataObserver;)V 
W/art  (2953): setHasStableIds(Z)V 
W/art  (2953): unregisterAdapterDataObserver(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$AdapterDataObserver;)V 
W/art  (2953): Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$Adapter; (Runtime): 
W/art  (2953): Static fields: 
W/art  (2953): Instance fields: 
W/art  (2953): Z mHasStableIds 
W/art  (2953): Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$AdapterDataObservable; mObservable 
W/art  (2953): Direct methods: 
W/art  (2953): <init>()V 
W/art  (2953): Virtual methods: 
W/art  (2953): bindViewHolder(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;I)V 
W/art  (2953): createViewHolder(Landroid/view/ViewGroup;I)Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder; 
W/art  (2953): getItemCount()I 
W/art  (2953): getItemId(I)J 
W/art  (2953): getItemViewType(I)I 
W/art  (2953): hasObservers()Z 
W/art  (2953): hasStableIds()Z 
W/art  (2953): notifyDataSetChanged()V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemChanged(I)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemInserted(I)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemMoved(II)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemRangeChanged(II)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemRangeInserted(II)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemRangeRemoved(II)V 
W/art  (2953): notifyItemRemoved(I)V 
W/art  (2953): onAttachedToRecyclerView(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView;)V 
W/art  (2953): onBindViewHolder(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;I)V 
W/art  (2953): onCreateViewHolder(Landroid/view/ViewGroup;I)Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder; 
W/art  (2953): onDetachedFromRecyclerView(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView;)V 
W/art  (2953): onViewAttachedToWindow(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;)V 
W/art  (2953): onViewDetachedFromWindow(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;)V 
W/art  (2953): onViewRecycled(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$ViewHolder;)V 
W/art  (2953): registerAdapterDataObserver(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$AdapterDataObserver;)V 
W/art  (2953): setHasStableIds(Z)V 
W/art  (2953): unregisterAdapterDataObserver(Landroid/support/v7/widget/RecyclerView$AdapterDataObserver;)V 
I/art  (2953): Rejecting re-init on previously-failed class java.lang.Class<xxx.models.JSONArrayRecyclerViewAdapter> 
I/art  (2953): Rejecting re-init on previously-failed class java.lang.Class<xxx.models.JSONArrayRecyclerViewAdapter> 
I/art  (2953): Rejecting re-init on previously-failed class java.lang.Class<xxx.activities.DashboardActivity$1> 
I/art  (2953): Rejecting re-init on previously-failed class java.lang.Class<xxx.activities.DashboardActivity$1> 
D/AndroidRuntime(2953): Shutting down VM 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953): Exception encountered by: Thread[main,5,main]. Dumping thread state to outputs and pining for the fjords. 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953): java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: xxx.activities.DashboardActivity$1 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at dalvik.system.DexFile.defineClassNative(Native Method) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at dalvik.system.DexFile.defineClass(DexFile.java:226) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at dalvik.system.DexFile.loadClassBinaryName(DexFile.java:219) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at dalvik.system.DexPathList.findClass(DexPathList.java:321) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:54) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:511) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:469) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at xxx.activities.DashboardActivity.onCreate(DashboardActivity.java:54) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:5990) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1106) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.support.test.runner.MonitoringInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(MonitoringInstrumentation.java:346) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2278) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2390) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.app.ActivityThread.access$800(ActivityThread.java:151) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1303) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:135) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:5257) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:372) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:903) 
E/MonitoringInstrumentation(2953):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:698) 

Answer 1

Espresso phụ thuộc là hết hiệu lực. Đã báo cáo và sẽ được khắc phục trong tương lai. https://code.google.com/p/android-test-kit/issues/detail?id=139

Answer 2

xin vui lòng sử dụng Newest Gradle Plugin (không phải là một phiên bản ổn định)

Bắt đầu với 2.0.0 của Android Gradle Plugin, Gradle xây dựng sẽ thất bại nếu APK chính và kiểm tra APK sử dụng cùng một thư viện (ví dụ như ổi) nhưng trong các phiên bản khác nhau.

Để thực hiện việc xây dựng thành công, chỉ cần thêm một phụ thuộc cho các phiên bản mới hơn cho build.gradle

ví dụ:

androidTestCompile "com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:${supportLibVersion}" 

tham khảo:

• java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError when using espresso-contrib
• Resolving conflicts between main and test APK

Answer 3

Bạn có thể cố gắng thêm rằng ở dưới cùng của tập tin gradle của bạn (sau mỗi char)

/* 
Resolves dependency versions across test and production APKs, specifically, transitive 
dependencies. This is required since Espresso internally has a dependency on support-annotations. 
*/ 
configurations.all { 
    resolutionStrategy.force "com.android.support:support-annotations:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion" 
} 

/* 
All direct/transitive dependencies shared between your test and production APKs need to be 
excluded from the test APK! This is necessary because both APKs will contain the same classes. Not 
excluding these dependencies from your test configuration will result in an dex pre-verifier error 
at runtime. More info in this tools bug: (https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=192497) 
*/ 
configurations.compile.dependencies.each { compileDependency -> 
    println "Excluding compile dependency: ${compileDependency.getName()}" 
    configurations.androidTestCompile.dependencies.each { androidTestCompileDependency -> 
     configurations.androidTestCompile.exclude module: "${compileDependency.getName()}" 
    } 
} 

Đó là từ dự án Android-thử nghiệm trên github

Nguồn: https://github.com/googlecodelabs/android-testing/blob/master/app/build.gradle#L96

Answer 4

lẽ bạn quên thêm testInstrumentationRunner android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner "trong defaultConfig {}