Thay thế ký tự có dấu với những người thân ascii đồng bằng

Question

tôi cần để biến một danh sách tên cuối cùng vào tên người dùng tự chữ và số, tuy nhiên tiếc là một số trong số họ chứa các ký tự khác ASCII:

Hernández 
Quermançós 
Migueláñez 

Bây giờ một trong những cách sẽ chỉ sử dụng một regex để xóa mọi ký tự số không phải alpha như a.replace(/[^a-z0-9]/gi,''). Tuy nhiên, một giải pháp trực quan hơn (ít nhất là cho người dùng) sẽ thay thế các ký tự có dấu trọng âm tương đương với "đồng bằng" của chúng, ví dụ: biến số á, á thành a và ç thành c, v.v ... Có cách nào dễ dàng để thực hiện việc này trong javascript không?

Answer 1

Thuật ngữ chính xác cho điểm nhấn đó là dấu phụ. Sau khi Googling thuật ngữ này, tôi tìm thấy this function là một phần của backbone.paginator. Nó có một bộ sưu tập rất đầy đủ các dấu phụ và thay thế chúng bằng ký tự ascii trực quan nhất của chúng. Tôi thấy đây là giải pháp Javascript hoàn chỉnh nhất hiện nay.

Chức năng đầy đủ để tham khảo trong tương lai:

function removeDiacritics (str) { 

    var defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap = [ 
    {'base':'A', 'letters':/[\u0041\u24B6\uFF21\u00C0\u00C1\u00C2\u1EA6\u1EA4\u1EAA\u1EA8\u00C3\u0100\u0102\u1EB0\u1EAE\u1EB4\u1EB2\u0226\u01E0\u00C4\u01DE\u1EA2\u00C5\u01FA\u01CD\u0200\u0202\u1EA0\u1EAC\u1EB6\u1E00\u0104\u023A\u2C6F]/g}, 
    {'base':'AA','letters':/[\uA732]/g}, 
    {'base':'AE','letters':/[\u00C6\u01FC\u01E2]/g}, 
    {'base':'AO','letters':/[\uA734]/g}, 
    {'base':'AU','letters':/[\uA736]/g}, 
    {'base':'AV','letters':/[\uA738\uA73A]/g}, 
    {'base':'AY','letters':/[\uA73C]/g}, 
    {'base':'B', 'letters':/[\u0042\u24B7\uFF22\u1E02\u1E04\u1E06\u0243\u0182\u0181]/g}, 
    {'base':'C', 'letters':/[\u0043\u24B8\uFF23\u0106\u0108\u010A\u010C\u00C7\u1E08\u0187\u023B\uA73E]/g}, 
    {'base':'D', 'letters':/[\u0044\u24B9\uFF24\u1E0A\u010E\u1E0C\u1E10\u1E12\u1E0E\u0110\u018B\u018A\u0189\uA779]/g}, 
    {'base':'DZ','letters':/[\u01F1\u01C4]/g}, 
    {'base':'Dz','letters':/[\u01F2\u01C5]/g}, 
    {'base':'E', 'letters':/[\u0045\u24BA\uFF25\u00C8\u00C9\u00CA\u1EC0\u1EBE\u1EC4\u1EC2\u1EBC\u0112\u1E14\u1E16\u0114\u0116\u00CB\u1EBA\u011A\u0204\u0206\u1EB8\u1EC6\u0228\u1E1C\u0118\u1E18\u1E1A\u0190\u018E]/g}, 
    {'base':'F', 'letters':/[\u0046\u24BB\uFF26\u1E1E\u0191\uA77B]/g}, 
    {'base':'G', 'letters':/[\u0047\u24BC\uFF27\u01F4\u011C\u1E20\u011E\u0120\u01E6\u0122\u01E4\u0193\uA7A0\uA77D\uA77E]/g}, 
    {'base':'H', 'letters':/[\u0048\u24BD\uFF28\u0124\u1E22\u1E26\u021E\u1E24\u1E28\u1E2A\u0126\u2C67\u2C75\uA78D]/g}, 
    {'base':'I', 'letters':/[\u0049\u24BE\uFF29\u00CC\u00CD\u00CE\u0128\u012A\u012C\u0130\u00CF\u1E2E\u1EC8\u01CF\u0208\u020A\u1ECA\u012E\u1E2C\u0197]/g}, 
    {'base':'J', 'letters':/[\u004A\u24BF\uFF2A\u0134\u0248]/g}, 
    {'base':'K', 'letters':/[\u004B\u24C0\uFF2B\u1E30\u01E8\u1E32\u0136\u1E34\u0198\u2C69\uA740\uA742\uA744\uA7A2]/g}, 
    {'base':'L', 'letters':/[\u004C\u24C1\uFF2C\u013F\u0139\u013D\u1E36\u1E38\u013B\u1E3C\u1E3A\u0141\u023D\u2C62\u2C60\uA748\uA746\uA780]/g}, 
    {'base':'LJ','letters':/[\u01C7]/g}, 
    {'base':'Lj','letters':/[\u01C8]/g}, 
    {'base':'M', 'letters':/[\u004D\u24C2\uFF2D\u1E3E\u1E40\u1E42\u2C6E\u019C]/g}, 
    {'base':'N', 'letters':/[\u004E\u24C3\uFF2E\u01F8\u0143\u00D1\u1E44\u0147\u1E46\u0145\u1E4A\u1E48\u0220\u019D\uA790\uA7A4]/g}, 
    {'base':'NJ','letters':/[\u01CA]/g}, 
    {'base':'Nj','letters':/[\u01CB]/g}, 
    {'base':'O', 'letters':/[\u004F\u24C4\uFF2F\u00D2\u00D3\u00D4\u1ED2\u1ED0\u1ED6\u1ED4\u00D5\u1E4C\u022C\u1E4E\u014C\u1E50\u1E52\u014E\u022E\u0230\u00D6\u022A\u1ECE\u0150\u01D1\u020C\u020E\u01A0\u1EDC\u1EDA\u1EE0\u1EDE\u1EE2\u1ECC\u1ED8\u01EA\u01EC\u00D8\u01FE\u0186\u019F\uA74A\uA74C]/g}, 
    {'base':'OI','letters':/[\u01A2]/g}, 
    {'base':'OO','letters':/[\uA74E]/g}, 
    {'base':'OU','letters':/[\u0222]/g}, 
    {'base':'P', 'letters':/[\u0050\u24C5\uFF30\u1E54\u1E56\u01A4\u2C63\uA750\uA752\uA754]/g}, 
    {'base':'Q', 'letters':/[\u0051\u24C6\uFF31\uA756\uA758\u024A]/g}, 
    {'base':'R', 'letters':/[\u0052\u24C7\uFF32\u0154\u1E58\u0158\u0210\u0212\u1E5A\u1E5C\u0156\u1E5E\u024C\u2C64\uA75A\uA7A6\uA782]/g}, 
    {'base':'S', 'letters':/[\u0053\u24C8\uFF33\u1E9E\u015A\u1E64\u015C\u1E60\u0160\u1E66\u1E62\u1E68\u0218\u015E\u2C7E\uA7A8\uA784]/g}, 
    {'base':'T', 'letters':/[\u0054\u24C9\uFF34\u1E6A\u0164\u1E6C\u021A\u0162\u1E70\u1E6E\u0166\u01AC\u01AE\u023E\uA786]/g}, 
    {'base':'TZ','letters':/[\uA728]/g}, 
    {'base':'U', 'letters':/[\u0055\u24CA\uFF35\u00D9\u00DA\u00DB\u0168\u1E78\u016A\u1E7A\u016C\u00DC\u01DB\u01D7\u01D5\u01D9\u1EE6\u016E\u0170\u01D3\u0214\u0216\u01AF\u1EEA\u1EE8\u1EEE\u1EEC\u1EF0\u1EE4\u1E72\u0172\u1E76\u1E74\u0244]/g}, 
    {'base':'V', 'letters':/[\u0056\u24CB\uFF36\u1E7C\u1E7E\u01B2\uA75E\u0245]/g}, 
    {'base':'VY','letters':/[\uA760]/g}, 
    {'base':'W', 'letters':/[\u0057\u24CC\uFF37\u1E80\u1E82\u0174\u1E86\u1E84\u1E88\u2C72]/g}, 
    {'base':'X', 'letters':/[\u0058\u24CD\uFF38\u1E8A\u1E8C]/g}, 
    {'base':'Y', 'letters':/[\u0059\u24CE\uFF39\u1EF2\u00DD\u0176\u1EF8\u0232\u1E8E\u0178\u1EF6\u1EF4\u01B3\u024E\u1EFE]/g}, 
    {'base':'Z', 'letters':/[\u005A\u24CF\uFF3A\u0179\u1E90\u017B\u017D\u1E92\u1E94\u01B5\u0224\u2C7F\u2C6B\uA762]/g}, 
    {'base':'a', 'letters':/[\u0061\u24D0\uFF41\u1E9A\u00E0\u00E1\u00E2\u1EA7\u1EA5\u1EAB\u1EA9\u00E3\u0101\u0103\u1EB1\u1EAF\u1EB5\u1EB3\u0227\u01E1\u00E4\u01DF\u1EA3\u00E5\u01FB\u01CE\u0201\u0203\u1EA1\u1EAD\u1EB7\u1E01\u0105\u2C65\u0250]/g}, 
    {'base':'aa','letters':/[\uA733]/g}, 
    {'base':'ae','letters':/[\u00E6\u01FD\u01E3]/g}, 
    {'base':'ao','letters':/[\uA735]/g}, 
    {'base':'au','letters':/[\uA737]/g}, 
    {'base':'av','letters':/[\uA739\uA73B]/g}, 
    {'base':'ay','letters':/[\uA73D]/g}, 
    {'base':'b', 'letters':/[\u0062\u24D1\uFF42\u1E03\u1E05\u1E07\u0180\u0183\u0253]/g}, 
    {'base':'c', 'letters':/[\u0063\u24D2\uFF43\u0107\u0109\u010B\u010D\u00E7\u1E09\u0188\u023C\uA73F\u2184]/g}, 
    {'base':'d', 'letters':/[\u0064\u24D3\uFF44\u1E0B\u010F\u1E0D\u1E11\u1E13\u1E0F\u0111\u018C\u0256\u0257\uA77A]/g}, 
    {'base':'dz','letters':/[\u01F3\u01C6]/g}, 
    {'base':'e', 'letters':/[\u0065\u24D4\uFF45\u00E8\u00E9\u00EA\u1EC1\u1EBF\u1EC5\u1EC3\u1EBD\u0113\u1E15\u1E17\u0115\u0117\u00EB\u1EBB\u011B\u0205\u0207\u1EB9\u1EC7\u0229\u1E1D\u0119\u1E19\u1E1B\u0247\u025B\u01DD]/g}, 
    {'base':'f', 'letters':/[\u0066\u24D5\uFF46\u1E1F\u0192\uA77C]/g}, 
    {'base':'g', 'letters':/[\u0067\u24D6\uFF47\u01F5\u011D\u1E21\u011F\u0121\u01E7\u0123\u01E5\u0260\uA7A1\u1D79\uA77F]/g}, 
    {'base':'h', 'letters':/[\u0068\u24D7\uFF48\u0125\u1E23\u1E27\u021F\u1E25\u1E29\u1E2B\u1E96\u0127\u2C68\u2C76\u0265]/g}, 
    {'base':'hv','letters':/[\u0195]/g}, 
    {'base':'i', 'letters':/[\u0069\u24D8\uFF49\u00EC\u00ED\u00EE\u0129\u012B\u012D\u00EF\u1E2F\u1EC9\u01D0\u0209\u020B\u1ECB\u012F\u1E2D\u0268\u0131]/g}, 
    {'base':'j', 'letters':/[\u006A\u24D9\uFF4A\u0135\u01F0\u0249]/g}, 
    {'base':'k', 'letters':/[\u006B\u24DA\uFF4B\u1E31\u01E9\u1E33\u0137\u1E35\u0199\u2C6A\uA741\uA743\uA745\uA7A3]/g}, 
    {'base':'l', 'letters':/[\u006C\u24DB\uFF4C\u0140\u013A\u013E\u1E37\u1E39\u013C\u1E3D\u1E3B\u017F\u0142\u019A\u026B\u2C61\uA749\uA781\uA747]/g}, 
    {'base':'lj','letters':/[\u01C9]/g}, 
    {'base':'m', 'letters':/[\u006D\u24DC\uFF4D\u1E3F\u1E41\u1E43\u0271\u026F]/g}, 
    {'base':'n', 'letters':/[\u006E\u24DD\uFF4E\u01F9\u0144\u00F1\u1E45\u0148\u1E47\u0146\u1E4B\u1E49\u019E\u0272\u0149\uA791\uA7A5]/g}, 
    {'base':'nj','letters':/[\u01CC]/g}, 
    {'base':'o', 'letters':/[\u006F\u24DE\uFF4F\u00F2\u00F3\u00F4\u1ED3\u1ED1\u1ED7\u1ED5\u00F5\u1E4D\u022D\u1E4F\u014D\u1E51\u1E53\u014F\u022F\u0231\u00F6\u022B\u1ECF\u0151\u01D2\u020D\u020F\u01A1\u1EDD\u1EDB\u1EE1\u1EDF\u1EE3\u1ECD\u1ED9\u01EB\u01ED\u00F8\u01FF\u0254\uA74B\uA74D\u0275]/g}, 
    {'base':'oi','letters':/[\u01A3]/g}, 
    {'base':'ou','letters':/[\u0223]/g}, 
    {'base':'oo','letters':/[\uA74F]/g}, 
    {'base':'p','letters':/[\u0070\u24DF\uFF50\u1E55\u1E57\u01A5\u1D7D\uA751\uA753\uA755]/g}, 
    {'base':'q','letters':/[\u0071\u24E0\uFF51\u024B\uA757\uA759]/g}, 
    {'base':'r','letters':/[\u0072\u24E1\uFF52\u0155\u1E59\u0159\u0211\u0213\u1E5B\u1E5D\u0157\u1E5F\u024D\u027D\uA75B\uA7A7\uA783]/g}, 
    {'base':'s','letters':/[\u0073\u24E2\uFF53\u00DF\u015B\u1E65\u015D\u1E61\u0161\u1E67\u1E63\u1E69\u0219\u015F\u023F\uA7A9\uA785\u1E9B]/g}, 
    {'base':'t','letters':/[\u0074\u24E3\uFF54\u1E6B\u1E97\u0165\u1E6D\u021B\u0163\u1E71\u1E6F\u0167\u01AD\u0288\u2C66\uA787]/g}, 
    {'base':'tz','letters':/[\uA729]/g}, 
    {'base':'u','letters':/[\u0075\u24E4\uFF55\u00F9\u00FA\u00FB\u0169\u1E79\u016B\u1E7B\u016D\u00FC\u01DC\u01D8\u01D6\u01DA\u1EE7\u016F\u0171\u01D4\u0215\u0217\u01B0\u1EEB\u1EE9\u1EEF\u1EED\u1EF1\u1EE5\u1E73\u0173\u1E77\u1E75\u0289]/g}, 
    {'base':'v','letters':/[\u0076\u24E5\uFF56\u1E7D\u1E7F\u028B\uA75F\u028C]/g}, 
    {'base':'vy','letters':/[\uA761]/g}, 
    {'base':'w','letters':/[\u0077\u24E6\uFF57\u1E81\u1E83\u0175\u1E87\u1E85\u1E98\u1E89\u2C73]/g}, 
    {'base':'x','letters':/[\u0078\u24E7\uFF58\u1E8B\u1E8D]/g}, 
    {'base':'y','letters':/[\u0079\u24E8\uFF59\u1EF3\u00FD\u0177\u1EF9\u0233\u1E8F\u00FF\u1EF7\u1E99\u1EF5\u01B4\u024F\u1EFF]/g}, 
    {'base':'z','letters':/[\u007A\u24E9\uFF5A\u017A\u1E91\u017C\u017E\u1E93\u1E95\u01B6\u0225\u0240\u2C6C\uA763]/g} 
    ]; 

    for(var i=0; i<defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap.length; i++) { 
    str = str.replace(defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap[i].letters, defaultDiacriticsRemovalMap[i].base); 
    } 

    return str; 

} 

Answer 2

Kể từ những nhân vật không có mối quan hệ toán học để 'tương đương đơn giản' của họ trong bảng unicode bạn sẽ phải thay thế chúng bằng tay sử dụng một cái gì đó như thế này:

function cleanUpSpecialChars(str) 
{ 
    str = str.replace(/[ÀÁÂÃÄÅ]/g,"A"); 
    str = str.replace(/[àáâãäå]/g,"a"); 
    str = str.replace(/[ÈÉÊË]/g,"E"); 
    //.... all the rest 
    return str.replace(/[^a-z0-9]/gi,''); // final clean up 
} 

Lựa chọn trường insensitve không hoạt động trên những ký tự đó, vì vậy bạn phải làm điều đó cho các biến thể chữ hoa và chữ thường của chúng.

Answer 3

Giả sử bạn có một cuốn từ điển như:

var dict = {"á":"a", "á":"a", "ç":"c"} 

sau đó làm một chức năng như:

a.replace(/[^\w ]/g, function(char) { 
    return dict[char] || char; 
});